Please review the vocabulary and then read the article. This type of exercise will help you to prepare for the vocabulary in the reading passages on the SHSAT.
The Mapuche are a group of 'indigenous' people in South America. This means that they existed in South America before the Spanish came over from Europe to colonize the area.
Over the centuries (a century is 100 years) The Mapuche have fought hard to maintain their independence and identity. Apparently now the Chilean government is trying to classify this indigenous group as 'terrorists.'
The article:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23512784
Vocabulary to help you understand the article:
rapporteur - basically this is the person whom an organization chooses to do research about an issue and to write a report.
a dispute - this is a type of argument in which both sides believe something different about a situation. For instance, Japan and Korea have had a dispute about which country owns a specific island - both countries believe the island belongs to them and they dispute that the island belongs to the other country.
to boil over into violence - if you heat water on a stove for long enough, it will begin to boil. If the water is too high in the pot, the water will boil over. So if a situation boils over, it is a critical situation and trouble comes from it.
a systematic use of excessive force - they regularly or often or commonly use too much force against the Mapuche. (pronounced: Mah POO che)
to discriminate against - remember you always use 'against' with discriminate. If someone discriminates against someone else, the first person takes action against the second person to harm him/her because of some racial or ethnic issue. If someone doesn't like black people and he refuses to hire black people for his business, he is discriminating against black people.
arbitrary - this means random. If they are using an anti-terrorism law against the Mapuche in an arbitrary manner, they use it when they feel like it and there are no real or objective standards.
if something is volatile - it is unstable and unpredictable.
prompt - if you are a prompt person, you are always on time
to escalate - to get worse
a vast swath(e) of land - a large area spread out over a great distance.
renowned for their ferocity - famous for how cruel and brutal they were. If a dog is ferocious, it will bite a person easily.
they resisted conquest - they fought against being conquered or beaten.
waged a campaign - fought
arson - starting stuff on fire
to sabotage machinery - to deliberately destroy machines
to invoke a law - to use a law. So if the Mapuche fight to try to get their land back, the government calls them terrorists and tries to throw them in jail.
drafted - written by Pinochet. Pinochet was a violent dictator in Chile who helped assassinate the Chilean president Salvador Allende.
to stamp out opposition - to eliminate, get rid of
harshest - most severe
statute book - law book
a conviction - when a person is determined to be guilty. By using this law, the Chilean government can find people guilty without providing any evidence or witnesses.
anonymous - you don't know the person's name.
a paradigm shift - a change in the way that the government views the situation. A paradigm is a way you look at things. The government has to stop looking at the Mapuche as terrorists and view them as people who had their land stolen.
conspicuously - obviously
rumbling on - going on slowly but steadily
sporadic - every once in a while
assailants - attackers
the blaze - the fire
a hunger strike - when people refuse to eat to protest something
a raid - when the police suddenly and quickly attack someone or some group.
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Writing/discussion questions:
How do you determine when a group is a group of freedom fighters or terrorists?
How do you determine when a government is engaged in terrorism?
Showing posts with label middle school vocabulary. Show all posts
Showing posts with label middle school vocabulary. Show all posts
Wednesday, July 31, 2013
Thursday, July 4, 2013
The Age of the Universe - (vocabulary definitions)
I believe that the better your vocabulary is, the better you'll do on the SHSAT reading section.
Therefore I would like to present some articles I've found along with a vocabulary list and definitions from the article. This is a good opportunity to see whether you can read these types of articles easily.
The article:
http://news.yahoo.com/universe-older-thought-best-space-time-map-yet-143739816.html
Vocabulary:
cosmic - pertaining to or about the universe. The universe is also called the cosmos. The word cosmopolitan means a person who is worldly - someone who exhibits the values of someone with a lot of experience in the world: toleration, an open-mind, a sense of humor, intelligence etc.
a microwave is a type of energy-carrying wave that can travel through space.
on the edge of their seats - eagerly waiting, very eager, anxiously waiting.
profoundly - deeply
The Big Bang - this was the beginning of the universe when there was a sudden "explosion" from a single point. Nobody knows what came before the Big Bang or what caused the Big Bang. One philosopher once wrote, in Latin: "Ignoramus et ignorabimus." "We don't know and we will never know."
dense - if something is dense it is filled tightly: for example dense traffic, or a dense crowd
to get mired in - to get stuck in; This word is often used in regard to war: The USA became mired in the Vietnam War from 1965 to 1973. It means the USA got involved in the war and didn't feel it could stop the war while, in the meantime, many US soldiers and Vietnamese were being killed. A mire is like a swamp.
plasma - not a solid and not a liquid, in between solid and liquid and usually very hot; plasma can come from a volcano as well.
protons, electrons and neutrons - particles that make up an atom. Atoms make up molecules.
precious - valuable.
embedded in it - stuck inside it, found inside it.
to be uniform - to be the same everywhere. Athletic players wear uniforms so that by looking the same as the rest of their team-mates, they can be easily identified.
to display - to show.
variations in temperature - changes in temperature.
to correspond to - to equal.
fluctuations - changes.
to clump - to group together. If you put a bunch of things in a clump, you put things in kind of a pile.
which posits - which suggests. To posit a solution is to suggest a solution. i.e. Nobody has yet posited an explanation as to what came before the Big Bang.
random - not deliberate, not chosen or designed.
tantalizing - teasing, In Greek mythology Tantalus tried to steal the gift of immortality (living forever) from the gods. They caught him and punished him by chaining him in a pool of water so that whenever he tried to take a drink, the water would recede from (move away from) his mouth. He was surrounded by water but could never drink it.
to peel layers - if you wear many layers of clothing you have clothing on top of clothing. To peel off these layers means to remove them one after the other.
a constituent - a part of something else. A Congressperson, for example, represents his/her constituents. Here, constituents means the people in an area who are represented by the Congressperson.
an anomaly - something strange or something unpredicted and unusual.
to link - to join.
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Therefore I would like to present some articles I've found along with a vocabulary list and definitions from the article. This is a good opportunity to see whether you can read these types of articles easily.
The article:
http://news.yahoo.com/universe-older-thought-best-space-time-map-yet-143739816.html
Vocabulary:
cosmic - pertaining to or about the universe. The universe is also called the cosmos. The word cosmopolitan means a person who is worldly - someone who exhibits the values of someone with a lot of experience in the world: toleration, an open-mind, a sense of humor, intelligence etc.
a microwave is a type of energy-carrying wave that can travel through space.
on the edge of their seats - eagerly waiting, very eager, anxiously waiting.
profoundly - deeply
The Big Bang - this was the beginning of the universe when there was a sudden "explosion" from a single point. Nobody knows what came before the Big Bang or what caused the Big Bang. One philosopher once wrote, in Latin: "Ignoramus et ignorabimus." "We don't know and we will never know."
dense - if something is dense it is filled tightly: for example dense traffic, or a dense crowd
to get mired in - to get stuck in; This word is often used in regard to war: The USA became mired in the Vietnam War from 1965 to 1973. It means the USA got involved in the war and didn't feel it could stop the war while, in the meantime, many US soldiers and Vietnamese were being killed. A mire is like a swamp.
plasma - not a solid and not a liquid, in between solid and liquid and usually very hot; plasma can come from a volcano as well.
protons, electrons and neutrons - particles that make up an atom. Atoms make up molecules.
precious - valuable.
embedded in it - stuck inside it, found inside it.
to be uniform - to be the same everywhere. Athletic players wear uniforms so that by looking the same as the rest of their team-mates, they can be easily identified.
to display - to show.
variations in temperature - changes in temperature.
to correspond to - to equal.
fluctuations - changes.
to clump - to group together. If you put a bunch of things in a clump, you put things in kind of a pile.
which posits - which suggests. To posit a solution is to suggest a solution. i.e. Nobody has yet posited an explanation as to what came before the Big Bang.
random - not deliberate, not chosen or designed.
tantalizing - teasing, In Greek mythology Tantalus tried to steal the gift of immortality (living forever) from the gods. They caught him and punished him by chaining him in a pool of water so that whenever he tried to take a drink, the water would recede from (move away from) his mouth. He was surrounded by water but could never drink it.
to peel layers - if you wear many layers of clothing you have clothing on top of clothing. To peel off these layers means to remove them one after the other.
a constituent - a part of something else. A Congressperson, for example, represents his/her constituents. Here, constituents means the people in an area who are represented by the Congressperson.
an anomaly - something strange or something unpredicted and unusual.
to link - to join.
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